Solana’s validator network is shrinking fast due to economic reasons.
According to data from Solana Compass, the number of active validators has fallen from about 2,560 in early 2023 to roughly 795 today, a 68% drop. Validators are the machines that vote on blocks and keep the chain running. Fewer validators means fewer independent actors securing the network.
Source: Solana Compass
Some of this decline is harmless cleanup of inactive nodes. But operators say the real problem is that running a validator no longer pays for smaller players.
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For instance, Moo, an independent Solana validator, said large validators now charge 0% fees to attract stake, leaving little revenue for independents. When rewards fall below costs, smaller validators shut down.
it is becoming increasingly impossible to operate a validator profitably (…) Many small validators are actively considering shutting down. Not due to lack of belief in Solana, but because the economics no longer work. At this point, the only justification left is altruism. Loving the network and caring about decentralization is not a sustainable business model.
That pressure also shows up clearly in decentralisation metrics, as the Solana Nakamoto Coefficient, or the minimum number of independent entities needed to control a critical share of the network, has dropped from 31 to 20. In simpler words, control over Solana’s stake is becoming more concentrated in fewer hands.
The cost structure goes something like this:
This doesn’t mean Solana is failing or insecure today. Large validators are professional, well-capitalised, and technically capable, but it does mean decentralisation is drifting toward institutions and large staking providers rather than individuals.
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