High Blood Pressure: A ‘Silent Killer’ That Can Be Managed with Lifestyle Changes and Proper Monitoring

High blood pressure, often called the ‘silent killer’ because it typically shows no symptoms, poses significant health risks for people of all ages. According to the American Heart Association, nearly half of adults in the U.S. have high blood pressure, and about 75% of those do not have the condition under control. However, there are effective ways to prevent and manage this condition through lifestyle changes and working with a healthcare professional.

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, occurs when the force of blood flowing through blood vessels is consistently too high, making the heart work harder and damaging arteries. This increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and other health problems. Strengthening evidence also links high blood pressure to cognitive decline and dementia, underscoring the importance of awareness and management.

Anyone can develop high blood pressure, including children and young adults. Major risk factors include excess weight, diabetes, high cholesterol, smoking, lack of physical activity, alcohol consumption, and a diet high in sodium and low in potassium. Regular blood pressure checks at annual physicals or wellness checkups are encouraged for all age groups. For those with a history or risk factors, more frequent measurements may be recommended.

To get an accurate blood pressure reading, the American Heart Association advises sitting in a chair with back support and both feet flat on the ground. Use a validated, automatic, cuff-style upper-arm monitor. Remove clothing over the arm, rest for at least 5 minutes, extend the arm at heart level, and stay quiet and still. Take multiple readings at the same time each day. For most adults, a normal reading is less than 120/80 mm Hg.

Recognizing and quickly acting to control high blood pressure can significantly lower the risk of severe health consequences, including heart attack and stroke. If diagnosed, work with a healthcare professional to design a treatment plan that may include lifestyle changes to diet or activity levels, or medication.

Preventing high blood pressure is possible through small steps like eating a heart-healthy diet, staying active, and maintaining a healthy weight. For those diagnosed, even losing 5% of body weight can help improve blood pressure. It is important to reduce or avoid alcohol and tobacco, and consider stress-reducing activities like meditation or yoga. Adhering to prescribed medications is essential for many individuals.

For more information on blood pressure management and proper checking techniques, visit heart.org/bp.

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