PCB Assembly: Involving SMT, DFA, PCB assembly can be truly defined as populating a circuit board with the components of your choice. SMT, DFA, and other throughPCB Assembly: Involving SMT, DFA, PCB assembly can be truly defined as populating a circuit board with the components of your choice. SMT, DFA, and other through

Production With Care: How to do PCB Assembly Production?

PCB Assembly: Involving SMT, DFA, PCB assembly can be truly defined as populating a circuit board with the components of your choice. SMT, DFA, and other through-hole component placement, followed by thorough testing and final inspection, are all involved in this process.

Process of Automated PCB Assembly

To understand the skilled assembly process, you need to work on a clean BOM and all possible assembly notes with required callouts. This includes instructions, designators, and component orientation which have relations with washable and non-washable parts.

Understanding the steps of PCB assembly production is simple if you know how to stick to the right component selection.

Crafting the circuit boards by staying adherent to DFM guidelines before sending them to assembly. It will help to overcome any possible manufacturing errors, especially when it comes to copper silvers and trace spacing. After fabricating the circuit board, it is ultimately sent to the assembly facility.

PCB Assembly Process

DFA

It is used for verifying Gerber/ODB++ and BOM. It can indeed be recalled as the initial stage for PCBA. Here, DFA engineers are responsible for verifying all data in the Gerber/ODB++. They are also responsible for verifying circuit board BOM files.

DFA norms for spacing part to hole

Following DFA guidelines is always essential to avoid board respins. It will help you to have a planned cost structure and deal with any potential errors beforehand. By following this, one can ensure:

Parts are placed correctly as per the BOM
Having accurate footprint dimensions
Following the overall drill file specifications
Sufficient spacing between the present components.
Following the required thermal relief techniques for the circuit board
Ensure that board edge clearance is followed properly.

Once all these features are verified, the SMT assembly process starts.

Certain Factors That May Impact PCB Assembly Cost

Board assembly volumes
Packaging cost

SMT Assembly With The Help Of A Pick And Place Machine

An automated system is employed here to place and fix components on the board. It is necessary to check for the presence of any non-washable components in it. It needs to be added later, once the assembly is done.  

1. Solder Paste Inspection

Here, a solder paste, which is a combination of copper, tin, and silver through a flux medium, is applied to the SMDstencils, made of steel. The SPI machine is installed to check the kind of paste. You can do it through two types of SPI devices- 2D and 3D.

2. SMT Component Placement

Once the solder paste is applied, one needs to start with the pick and place machine, which mounts components. It includes ICs, capacitors, BGAs, and resistors. The role of this device is to pick components through tape and swirl them in the required orientation, and finally place them on the board part.

3. Reflow Soldering

The circuit board here has to pass through the reflow oven. The solder paste melts at this stage, and the components and pads get fixed together rigidly to the board. The temperature here has to be maintained between 180-220°C if it is lead solder paste. In the case of lead free solder paste, it is 210-250°C.

4. AOI or Automated Optical Inspection

Optical devices are used here to automatically inspect the components and solder joints present on the PCB for any possible errors. Any missing components, incorrect component placement, misplacements, open circuits, misalignments, solder shorts, excess solder, or other issues are addressed here. All this is taken care of here to ensure that quality is maintained throughout.

5. X-Ray Inspection

This machine helps in capturing images of an object’s internal structure. It is a non-destructive testing and is used to double-check for any internal joint issues.

6. Flying Probe Testing

This helps in locating opens, shorts, and component attributes. It has several test probes that help with directions all over the board surface. It helps add more flexibility and facilitate quick design changes.

7. Through-Hole Assembly

It can be done through machines or manually with the help of three kinds of soldering techniques.

Wave Soldering: It is used for large scale soldering processes.
Selective Soldering: It is a quick method in which a solder head feeder, flux spray, and a soldering pot are used.
Hand Soldering: This is a manual technique of soldering which restricts oxidation.

Assembled Board Cleaning

The components of the assembled boards have to be cleaned with a kaizen solution or deionised water. It helps to get rid of contaminants and flux residues. It has to be done at high pressure and temperature. The water temperature has to be somewhere 144°F while using 45 pounds of pressure on every square inch. Later, the circuit board is dried with powered air jets.

Inspection and Testing- Final Step

After PCB assembly production ends, the final inspection is a compulsory step to avoid any last minute mishap. A quality inspection has to be performed to check that it has no defects, missing components, or inaccuracies.

Conformal Coating

It is always advisable to apply this coating to secure a barrier between the PCB and any contamination. It is achieved by using resins, epoxies, acrylics, polyurethanes, and other materials to create an insulated layer that can block leakage current and electrochemical migration anywhere on the board.

If you find any sensitive through-hole components present on your board, never miss the opportunity to add ways to handle these parts.

How To Choose PCBA Components?

Choosing the components for the board may sound tricky, but it is actually simple, requiring a bit of skill. Just remember to follow these steps, and you are free to design the best:

Never compromise when it comes to choosing a supplier. They have to be reliable and reputable so that the possibility of any damage or mishap can be completely avoided. By doing so, one can easily avoid any problems that may occur while availing PCB component management services. The fabricator here will be responsible for delivering reliable parts from verified suppliers.
Choose IC packages which will help to control the part count. Component packages combine multiple parts into a single unit, enabling them to perform the required function. It will add more to reduced weight, reliability, and board cost.
Choose SMT components for better results. It helps in making the board lighter and smaller in size. Requiring less maintenance, it makes the board more flexible, which in turn makes it simpler to automate the assembly. It also reduces the manufacturing cost.

Wrapping Up

PCB Assembly Production is something that needs proper attention and care during production. The selection of material and manufacturer might help you in the long run to come out with a promising board. Always check to deliver a clean BOM and detailed knowledge of the entire assembly process. The cleaning process and soldering instructions should be specified, as well. Make sure to fix all possible errors beforehand. If it is flexible and economical, it will be more desirable for sure. It requires the right set of manual and automated processes. Just remember to employ the updated techniques with great skill and care. It has to undergo several technical and complicated processes to finish and obtain a reliable PCB Assembly.

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Summarize Any Stock’s Earnings Call in Seconds Using FMP API

Summarize Any Stock’s Earnings Call in Seconds Using FMP API

Turn lengthy earnings call transcripts into one-page insights using the Financial Modeling Prep APIPhoto by Bich Tran Earnings calls are packed with insights. They tell you how a company performed, what management expects in the future, and what analysts are worried about. The challenge is that these transcripts often stretch across dozens of pages, making it tough to separate the key takeaways from the noise. With the right tools, you don’t need to spend hours reading every line. By combining the Financial Modeling Prep (FMP) API with Groq’s lightning-fast LLMs, you can transform any earnings call into a concise summary in seconds. The FMP API provides reliable access to complete transcripts, while Groq handles the heavy lifting of distilling them into clear, actionable highlights. In this article, we’ll build a Python workflow that brings these two together. You’ll see how to fetch transcripts for any stock, prepare the text, and instantly generate a one-page summary. Whether you’re tracking Apple, NVIDIA, or your favorite growth stock, the process works the same — fast, accurate, and ready whenever you are. Fetching Earnings Transcripts with FMP API The first step is to pull the raw transcript data. FMP makes this simple with dedicated endpoints for earnings calls. If you want the latest transcripts across the market, you can use the stable endpoint /stable/earning-call-transcript-latest. For a specific stock, the v3 endpoint lets you request transcripts by symbol, quarter, and year using the pattern: https://financialmodelingprep.com/api/v3/earning_call_transcript/{symbol}?quarter={q}&year={y}&apikey=YOUR_API_KEY here’s how you can fetch NVIDIA’s transcript for a given quarter: import requestsAPI_KEY = "your_api_key"symbol = "NVDA"quarter = 2year = 2024url = f"https://financialmodelingprep.com/api/v3/earning_call_transcript/{symbol}?quarter={quarter}&year={year}&apikey={API_KEY}"response = requests.get(url)data = response.json()# Inspect the keysprint(data.keys())# Access transcript contentif "content" in data[0]: transcript_text = data[0]["content"] print(transcript_text[:500]) # preview first 500 characters The response typically includes details like the company symbol, quarter, year, and the full transcript text. If you aren’t sure which quarter to query, the “latest transcripts” endpoint is the quickest way to always stay up to date. Cleaning and Preparing Transcript Data Raw transcripts from the API often include long paragraphs, speaker tags, and formatting artifacts. Before sending them to an LLM, it helps to organize the text into a cleaner structure. Most transcripts follow a pattern: prepared remarks from executives first, followed by a Q&A session with analysts. Separating these sections gives better control when prompting the model. In Python, you can parse the transcript and strip out unnecessary characters. A simple way is to split by markers such as “Operator” or “Question-and-Answer.” Once separated, you can create two blocks — Prepared Remarks and Q&A — that will later be summarized independently. This ensures the model handles each section within context and avoids missing important details. Here’s a small example of how you might start preparing the data: import re# Example: using the transcript_text we fetched earliertext = transcript_text# Remove extra spaces and line breaksclean_text = re.sub(r'\s+', ' ', text).strip()# Split sections (this is a heuristic; real-world transcripts vary slightly)if "Question-and-Answer" in clean_text: prepared, qna = clean_text.split("Question-and-Answer", 1)else: prepared, qna = clean_text, ""print("Prepared Remarks Preview:\n", prepared[:500])print("\nQ&A Preview:\n", qna[:500]) With the transcript cleaned and divided, you’re ready to feed it into Groq’s LLM. Chunking may be necessary if the text is very long. A good approach is to break it into segments of a few thousand tokens, summarize each part, and then merge the summaries in a final pass. Summarizing with Groq LLM Now that the transcript is clean and split into Prepared Remarks and Q&A, we’ll use Groq to generate a crisp one-pager. The idea is simple: summarize each section separately (for focus and accuracy), then synthesize a final brief. Prompt design (concise and factual) Use a short, repeatable template that pushes for neutral, investor-ready language: You are an equity research analyst. Summarize the following earnings call sectionfor {symbol} ({quarter} {year}). Be factual and concise.Return:1) TL;DR (3–5 bullets)2) Results vs. guidance (what improved/worsened)3) Forward outlook (specific statements)4) Risks / watch-outs5) Q&A takeaways (if present)Text:<<<{section_text}>>> Python: calling Groq and getting a clean summary Groq provides an OpenAI-compatible API. Set your GROQ_API_KEY and pick a fast, high-quality model (e.g., a Llama-3.1 70B variant). We’ll write a helper to summarize any text block, then run it for both sections and merge. import osimport textwrapimport requestsGROQ_API_KEY = os.environ.get("GROQ_API_KEY") or "your_groq_api_key"GROQ_BASE_URL = "https://api.groq.com/openai/v1" # OpenAI-compatibleMODEL = "llama-3.1-70b" # choose your preferred Groq modeldef call_groq(prompt, temperature=0.2, max_tokens=1200): url = f"{GROQ_BASE_URL}/chat/completions" headers = { "Authorization": f"Bearer {GROQ_API_KEY}", "Content-Type": "application/json", } payload = { "model": MODEL, "messages": [ {"role": "system", "content": "You are a precise, neutral equity research analyst."}, {"role": "user", "content": prompt}, ], "temperature": temperature, "max_tokens": max_tokens, } r = requests.post(url, headers=headers, json=payload, timeout=60) r.raise_for_status() return r.json()["choices"][0]["message"]["content"].strip()def build_prompt(section_text, symbol, quarter, year): template = """ You are an equity research analyst. Summarize the following earnings call section for {symbol} ({quarter} {year}). Be factual and concise. Return: 1) TL;DR (3–5 bullets) 2) Results vs. guidance (what improved/worsened) 3) Forward outlook (specific statements) 4) Risks / watch-outs 5) Q&A takeaways (if present) Text: <<< {section_text} >>> """ return textwrap.dedent(template).format( symbol=symbol, quarter=quarter, year=year, section_text=section_text )def summarize_section(section_text, symbol="NVDA", quarter="Q2", year="2024"): if not section_text or section_text.strip() == "": return "(No content found for this section.)" prompt = build_prompt(section_text, symbol, quarter, year) return call_groq(prompt)# Example usage with the cleaned splits from Section 3prepared_summary = summarize_section(prepared, symbol="NVDA", quarter="Q2", year="2024")qna_summary = summarize_section(qna, symbol="NVDA", quarter="Q2", year="2024")final_one_pager = f"""# {symbol} Earnings One-Pager — {quarter} {year}## Prepared Remarks — Key Points{prepared_summary}## Q&A Highlights{qna_summary}""".strip()print(final_one_pager[:1200]) # preview Tips that keep quality high: Keep temperature low (≈0.2) for factual tone. If a section is extremely long, chunk at ~5–8k tokens, summarize each chunk with the same prompt, then ask the model to merge chunk summaries into one section summary before producing the final one-pager. If you also fetched headline numbers (EPS/revenue, guidance) earlier, prepend them to the prompt as brief context to help the model anchor on the right outcomes. Building the End-to-End Pipeline At this point, we have all the building blocks: the FMP API to fetch transcripts, a cleaning step to structure the data, and Groq LLM to generate concise summaries. The final step is to connect everything into a single workflow that can take any ticker and return a one-page earnings call summary. The flow looks like this: Input a stock ticker (for example, NVDA). Use FMP to fetch the latest transcript. Clean and split the text into Prepared Remarks and Q&A. Send each section to Groq for summarization. Merge the outputs into a neatly formatted earnings one-pager. Here’s how it comes together in Python: def summarize_earnings_call(symbol, quarter, year, api_key, groq_key): # Step 1: Fetch transcript from FMP url = f"https://financialmodelingprep.com/api/v3/earning_call_transcript/{symbol}?quarter={quarter}&year={year}&apikey={api_key}" resp = requests.get(url) resp.raise_for_status() data = resp.json() if not data or "content" not in data[0]: return f"No transcript found for {symbol} {quarter} {year}" text = data[0]["content"] # Step 2: Clean and split clean_text = re.sub(r'\s+', ' ', text).strip() if "Question-and-Answer" in clean_text: prepared, qna = clean_text.split("Question-and-Answer", 1) else: prepared, qna = clean_text, "" # Step 3: Summarize with Groq prepared_summary = summarize_section(prepared, symbol, quarter, year) qna_summary = summarize_section(qna, symbol, quarter, year) # Step 4: Merge into final one-pager return f"""# {symbol} Earnings One-Pager — {quarter} {year}## Prepared Remarks{prepared_summary}## Q&A Highlights{qna_summary}""".strip()# Example runprint(summarize_earnings_call("NVDA", 2, 2024, API_KEY, GROQ_API_KEY)) With this setup, generating a summary becomes as simple as calling one function with a ticker and date. You can run it inside a notebook, integrate it into a research workflow, or even schedule it to trigger after each new earnings release. Free Stock Market API and Financial Statements API... Conclusion Earnings calls no longer need to feel overwhelming. With the Financial Modeling Prep API, you can instantly access any company’s transcript, and with Groq LLM, you can turn that raw text into a sharp, actionable summary in seconds. This pipeline saves hours of reading and ensures you never miss the key results, guidance, or risks hidden in lengthy remarks. Whether you track tech giants like NVIDIA or smaller growth stocks, the process is the same — fast, reliable, and powered by the flexibility of FMP’s data. Summarize Any Stock’s Earnings Call in Seconds Using FMP API was originally published in Coinmonks on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story
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Medium2025/09/18 14:40